Entry to the Basilica itself is free, but because of security checks and visitor volume, lines in St. Peter’s Square can stretch well over an hour during peak times. Booking in advance can help, and early morning or later afternoon visits tend to be much quieter. The Basilica generally opens at 7:00 a.m. from April through September, and closes around 7:00 p.m., though hours shift to 6:30 p.m. in October through March. On Wednesdays when the Papal Audience is held, access is often delayed until early afternoon. It’s also closed on January 1, 6, Easter, and during special Vatican events.

If you want the full experience, the Dome (La Cupola) is an optional climb that adds depth, drama, and panoramic views. There are two ways to ascend: you can take an elevator partway (to the terrace level) and then climb about 320 steps, or skip the lift and climb the full 551 steps on foot. It’s open daily, with hours from 7:30 a.m. (both in winter and summer) and closing in the late afternoon—usually around 5:00 or 6:00 p.m. depending on the season. Tickets for the Dome are paid, and can be bought online or on-site, though online booking ensures a reserved time and often shorter queues.

Dress code is strictly enforced: shoulders and knees must be covered, hats removed for men, very modest and respectful clothing required overall. Flip-flops, sleeveless tops, short skirts or shorts above the knee are likely to be rejected at entry. Comfortable shoes are a must, especially if you’re planning the Dome climb or exploring many parts of the Basilica.

Because queues at the main entrance can be long, consider arriving right at opening, or later in day when visitor numbers fall. If possible, try to avoid the “Papal Audience” Wednesday mornings (unless you plan to attend) since this delays or closes access. Also checking Vatican or Basilica websites ahead of time for any unexpected closures or schedule changes is smart.

For the Dome visit, expect about one hour, though this depends a lot on how many steps you climb, and how long you linger at the terrace enjoying the view. Restrooms are available on the terrace after the climb.

If you want to experience St. Peter’s Basilica with maximum richness and minimum stress, plan to visit early or late in the day, dress modestly, book the Dome in advance if interested, and allow extra time for the inevitable lines—even with tickets. When you do climb the Dome, the view across the Vatican roofs and Rome’s skyline will make every step worth it.